Principles of a Good CV. Jobseeker Basics I

Greg Wyatt • October 9, 2025

Good morning!



I'm transferring over my Jobseeker Basics substack to LinkedIn, so this is the first weekly edition of my LinkedIn 'newsletter'.


Every week you'll received either a chapter from my book, "A Career Breakdown Kit." or an edition of my weekly round-up. (You have a breakdown kit for your car - why wouldn't you in case of an unexpected job search?)


All are guidance on navigating a VUCA jobs marketplace in the UK, mainly at mid to senior level. Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous.


Today's edition is Chapter 30, from Part 3 - Get It Done.


Yes, it's Wall of Text - because it's word for word from the publication version. Something I offer for free to every candidate I represent for a vacancy. Or you can support my work by buying it - click Visit My Store on my profile.


This chapter relates directly to my free CV template. DM me on LinkedIn if you'd like a copy - Greg Wyatt, Bircham Wyatt Recruitment.


‘Ask 9 people for advice on your CV and you’ll end up with 10 CVs.’


A pithy truth that shows how subjective a CV’s quality is.


While also highlighting how frustrating it can be to spend time or even money on perfecting a document that the next person rips to shreds.


The person whose opinion matters most, in a hiring process, is the reader whose finger is on the Reject button.


What are the principles of a good CV?


Not a perfect CV, because perfection is wholly subjective and the path of madness in a difficult job search.


These principles are based on advice I give to job seekers when they ask for feedback.


Principles that come from my own insight, backed up by effective processes from a seemingly different industry.


First, we start with what a CV is and what a CV means.


Did you know the first recognised CV was written by Leonardo da Vinci in a letter highlighting his candidacy for employment? Yes, a CV and cover letter in one!


I’m pleased to say he got the job off his first application.


The notion of a document that presents candidacy dates back millennia with gladiators highlighting their achievements through the Lanista system. This was done to increase their reputation so that owners could earn more money.


A form of marketing document based on provable facts that synthesised their gladiatorial career in written format - a stone slab.


In a sense nothing has changed - your CV is a marketing document, which you use to highlight your candidacy so that your potential buyers invest their time to offer you an interview.


Where it has changed is the medium, given there are many means of presenting candidacy, including LinkedIn, other social media or platforms such as YouTube. You can even parade your portfolio on GitHub (for software), a website or other platforms.


For now, let’s stick to the CV proper.


I read a lot of debate on what a CV actually is and whether it is more of a technical document than a marketing one.


That’s a disservice to true marketing, which always has a basis in fact.


Your CV is there to highlight your candidacy and to give your experience meaning to the reader, helping them make a positive decision on you.


It’s there to get you an interview and for its readers to take you to the next stage.


A hiring process often has several moving parts, each a decision-maker in their own right.


From an administrator who sifts CVs, to recruiters / talent acquisition processes that make a longlist, to hiring managers and their bosses - each has their say on whether or not you might make the cut.


I’m sorry to say sometimes it is arbitrary:


‘If they’re this unlucky, why would we hire them?’ said the hiring manager to the administrator after binning one of the two piles of CVs at random.


While their decisions aren’t in your control, your words and how they are presented are.


It makes sense to create a document that helps the weakest link in the chain see you as a candidate of choice. One which supports other decision-makers, presuming they run the game fairly.


It isn’t only about applications - it enables your networking, doorknocking and speculative enquiries.


The principles of a good CV are the principles of a good marketing document.


A good marketing document at its core creates action - the decision to move forward.


A CV is an advert that should provoke attention, create interest and convert action.


I’m sure you have read much hoo-ha on what makes a good CV in the Talent Acquisition, recruitment, career coaching, and job seeker spaces. Much advice is contradictory, while some of it is cynical.


Instead of joining in that conversation, let’s look to another industry that uses words to convert action, as a basis for the principles of a good CV.


Whose principles are based on user psychology, behaviour and experience, and influence their actions to improve the odds of a purchase.


E-commerce.


A multi-trillion industry built on the words you read, marketing and advertising.


While it may not directly relate to recruitment or looking for work, its principles do:


  • Readability
  • Accessibility
  • AIDA (attention interest desire action; a century-old advertising formula that applies response-stimuli psychology)
  • Features (what it does; skills, tools, experience in a CV) and benefits (how it helps; achievements)
  • Search engine optimisation (SEO; keywords to be found) on the Google principles of Experience, Expertise, Authoritativeness and Trustworthiness (EEAT)
  • Conversion rate optimisation (CRO; words that convert)


Job boards and LinkedIn employ many principles of E-commerce in their functionality. These principles are not only equivalent but directly applicable to job searching.


What about assumptions and myths?


  • ATS compliance
  • 7-second CV scan
  • CVs must be 1, 2, 3, 367 pages long
  • Anything people often talk about


These seem like big deals. They’re not, for a simple reason.


If you write your CV for a reader in a way that grabs their attention while following basic rules, you’ll navigate these seeming traps.


Let’s touch on the top three briefly.


  • To be ATS compliant, at worst, you need to avoid tables, columns and images. I say at worst because modern ATSs are less likely to struggle with these (read The truth about the ATS and AI – p18)
  • It’s true that in a volume process, the initial scan may be quick to check for obvious reasons to rule out applicants. If you pass the scan your CV will be read in more depth because you move from elimination to selection
  • Your CV should be… okay this gets its own section:


Everyone has their own opinion on what the length of a CV should be.


The only person who matters in a hiring process is the reader, if they have a strong opinion you can find out.


If you know their requirement for what makes a good CV and you are prepared to play to their whim - give them that.


If not, your CV should tell its story in a way that grabs attention and holds it. Accessibility, readability… those bullet points above.


  • White space is good
  • Unnecessary repetition is not
  • Conciseness is good
  • Ambiguity is not
  • Achievements that show context are good
  • Adjectives are not (strip an adjective out and does your CV lose meaning? If not, why are you relying on them?)
  • ‘So What?’ is a brilliant editing question. If readers have to ask that of your statements, you need to find improvement or excise
  • Show specific and relevant information and don’t bore your audience with things they don’t care about


(If you’re a recruiter, why not apply the same to your job adverts? The reader psychology is the same.)


Grab your reader’s attention in the first half page, so they read the rest. If they don’t read past that first half page, it doesn’t really matter how well written the rest of your document is.


Get these points right, and a good enough CV will often be 800 to 1200 words long across 2 to 3 (even 4) pages.


Okay now on to actionable steps.


Accessibility and readability


Can someone who doesn’t know your domain see what you do from your CV?


If they can’t, there’s a problem, especially if they are the weakest link in the chain.


A good litmus test is to ask a friend you trust to see what they can tell you about you from your CV. What do they think your biggest achievements are?


White space: would you more easily read a condensed document or one that is clearly laid out? Don’t worry about spreading your CV onto a third, or even fourth page, if your experience demands it.


AIDA


The classic advertising framework, and how animals make decisions (look, check, I am hungry, eat). Look to your puppy for confirmation.

In a 7-second CV scan, you grab Attention on the first page with the most relevant information: your job title, key skills and tools that show how you meet essential requirements, and what the vacancy is looking for.


Get past this first test and gain their Interest through a clearly laid out document that shows the passage of your career (reverse chronological order, show company and role context).


Build Desire by showing the achievements that support your candidacy for the role you want. These are the problems you solve and show how you can help your next employer best.


Enable Action by providing clear and accurate means of contacting you - this may seem obvious, yet some forget.


A note on context.


Context is the information in your CV that answers the questions your readers should have.


What does your employer do? How many employees? What size revenue? What was the structure of the team in which you delivered your achievement?


If your reader has to ask a question about your CV, your CV should provide the answer.


Context is what most CVs miss and it lets them down.


One way to show context is to use the interview framework STAR (Situation Task Action Result) - this frames information in a way that has

meaning to your audience.


Features and Benefits


These are the basics of selling.


You don’t buy the technical specifications of a TV. You buy what the TV does for you.


You don’t buy the ingredients of a pizza. You buy the taste, sensation and experience it provides.


Both are important.


Most of your readers know broadly what a <job title> does - there’s no need to say it if the meaning is implicit.


What we want to know is how it helps.


An administrator may do administration. How does it help?


Do they arrange travel cost efficiently, take away the admin burden from the directors, save time?


Those are the benefits, even better in the form of achievements.


SEO


SEO primarily relates to keywords. Think about how you search on Google. We do much the same when scanning and searching on CVs.


Are the keywords from the job description or advert clearly stated on your CV?


These are typically the essential requirements, and this is a rare piece of ALWAYS advice. Always show how you meet the essential requirements.


Rely on EEAT in that list above. Show these keywords without looking cynical or careless.


Some career coaches advise a ‘white text keyword bomb’ as a hack - if a reader thinks you’ve employed a hack, you may be seen to be cheating, and that rarely goes well.


If your CV has the right keywords, it will be easier to find on CV databases.


You can use the same keywords to make it easier to be found on LinkedIn.


Which are two ways to be considered for unadvertised jobs.


CRO


The main point of a CV is to prompt positive action - the second A in AIDA.


The crux of a CV is to show the reader how you can solve their problems.


The problems that are at the heart of their vacancy.


Do this in a compelling way, and you’ll improve your odds.


CRO is built on psychology and understanding how your readers make decisions.


Think about the flow and readability of your CV - this is how websites work.


Everything in a well-designed website is intentional. Is your CV?


I find CRO fascinating - worth a read if you want to go down a rabbit hole.


While CVs are important, many people place too much importance on their place in the process.


A good enough CV is your best step forward. If you are a no anyway, perhaps it wasn’t meant to be.


Or maybe the decision was already made if you are in a demographic the reader chooses to discriminate against.


That may not even be for illegal reasons, if they decide you live too far away, are too expensive, or that you love Agile when they love Waterfall.


Go for good enough - it is a challenge to get there, but once you do, you can build on it for life, and it will help you get a job.


By Greg Wyatt • October 27, 2026
I've had a couple of conversations with job seekers recently where their common sense has contradicted their professional knowledge. It's so easy to do when there's such a huge volume of information out there that seems to paint a picture. Such as the recently redistributed ragebait about a hiring manager rejected by his own ATS for having the wrong keyword - from a burner account on reddit which has since been banned. It matters not that this story is patently anti-fact, because now its out in the wild. It's the kind of 'insight' job seekers start to believe, such as these two. One a senior HR practitioner who was instantly rejected alongside a shortlist, all presented by an agency. The assumption being it must be AI - though I believe it's more likely someone clicked a mass-reject button at the other end, based on my research of ATS use. I'd love to look inside that black box to see what actually happened, to hear what ATS they used, to look at the track record of hiring decisions from the employer, because anything else is assumption. The second was more pernicious. A Talent Acquisition Manager, those who legend say deploy AI to mass reject candidates. He and his team had their roles made redundant. They all had significant experience implementing, configuring and managing ATSs. All were starting to believe the auto-rejection narrative, despite actually knowing how they work. These are both examples of mental heuristics - rules of thumb - where we try to fathom complex problems with the minimum of energy. Understandable given how draining a job search is. Yet, here's the rub, the longer a job search, the more likely you are to believe apocryphal nonsense - because of the continuous ragebait exposure favoured by social media, and an unfathomable job search. It's where what feels like common sense, yet you must push against it, because counterintuition, and the courage of your first convictions, might be your best tool in your job search tool kit. The truth remains more grim than automation designed to reduce adminsitrative burden - human decision making vs too high a volume of candidates, many of whom use AI to optimise their search. The same humans corrupted by overwork, cynicism, corporate solipsism, naivety, laziness, poor capability or simply a system stacked against them. 24 - Counterintuitive Here's a common journey many people take when a job search that proves tougher than expected: steps that might actually move you further away from your goal and make you part of the problem. Career grief Pick yourself up and decide this could actually be an opportunity for a new start Update CV with most recent job Hit the job boards and contact agencies Pleasant surprise that there’s more out there than you thought Apply, apply, apply Many of these jobs prove: closed, fake, ghosts, scams Not getting much traction, agencies aren’t replying Maybe you’re being too picky Widen the net: more senior, less senior, different industries, roles that use transferable skills Realise you need to customise, but that’s becoming really hard with the volume you’re applying to. ChatGPT? How else can you automate? With all these applications, there must be a reason I’m not getting through. What’s this about the ATS? Is AI really blocking me? The worst-case scenario here are those upsetting posts we read about people applying to 2,000 jobs and not even getting an interview. I expect many people will read these posts and worry they are on the same path. Some may even defer to that possibly Einstein quote, “Doing the same thing over and over and expecting a different outcome is the definition of madness.” And as a result they stop applying to jobs and try other measures instead. A TV analogy to illustrate your job search If you were selling a £300 TV who would you sell it to? Possibly too ambiguous a question. First-hand, second-hand? What features does it have? Who should be the buyers for this type of £300 product? Is there any point targeting people who want £1,000 TVs? What about £10,000? What about people who want £300 monitors, not TVs? It’s impossible to know without starting out on the right strategy: Define the product Research the market of ideal customers Set the right price point Sell where the customers will buy from But if things aren’t going well, you shouldn’t simply broaden your horizons and increase your sales approach across demographics that will never buy from you. Instead, you re-evaluate these first principles to make sure you have the right product, for the right people, at the right price point, sold in the right places, with the right message. So, yes there is iteration to do, but it’s your input that needs changing first to generate the output. You shouldn’t only change the steps you take. You might know your TV works perfectly well as a monitor, indeed better, because of its specs. However, if you're marketing a monitor to TV buyers, how well will that go? The problem here is one of definition. Who is your product actually for, and do they understand why yours is a contender? You shouldn't assume they can see your monitor qualities - show them. You might argue that the £1,000 budget holder could benefit from your transferable skills - same size TV, same resolution, pumps out sound, in colour. But if they want OLED when you offer LCD, or if they want a 100w speaker, while yours offers 30w, it’s likely to be a non-starter. Can you show how your 'features' apply for their demands? Do your features actually apply? What if instead you sold at a discount, with your additional features at the same cost as the competition? The difference between people and products is that products won’t change their mind. If an employer doesn’t need the features you offer that are enhanced, these can be seen as a risk, not a benefit. Does this mean you should stay in your lane? Yes and no. It means first you need to understand how your lane reflects the race you are in - your specific jobs marketplace. You should clearly understand what you need and what you offer, while balancing what the market offers and the other good people interested in those offers. But if you apply for vacancies in a domain where you can’t show the applicability of your offering. Or if you apply for vacancies that are too junior or senior, without a clear argument for the specific benefit that employer will have in hiring you. Then you will compete against candidates who have direct skills and experience. These are typically more aligned to the needs of that vacancy. Worse, you become part of the problem, taking oxygen away from more suited candidates who deserve fair consideration - without improving your own odds. It’s unfortunately a simple truth that if everyone didn’t apply for vacancies they weren’t suitably qualified for - everyone’s experience would be better. This may seem to blame you, but consider the opportunity cost, with time and energy better spent on other activities - which might even just be taking a break. I say this from a place of compassion, not criticism. Think about that TV analogy above - when you search for TVs on Amazon, how quickly do you filter out products you will never buy? Do those products make it harder to identify what you do need? I'd wager the answer is always Yes. Why not try that as an exercise now? Write down what you need from a TV, then try and find it without any bias towards brands. Rather than compromise to spread your bets, keep going back to first principles and make sure these are both fit for purpose and clearly communicated. Rather than hope others will see your transferable skills will apply, or your higher level of experience will help - show them how and why it matters. If you can’t, spend your energy on better activity. As for that Einsteinish quote further up. This is only true when the matters outside of your control don’t change. Those steps at the top are a common sense approach to a job search that involves systemic dysfunction, terrible job adverts, overburdened hiring processes, discrimination of all sorts and the simple disaster of too many qualified candidates for too few jobs. Matters which we have no control over. In the changing and mercurial nature of your jobs market, its potential to improve suddenly may be the only change you need to get the job you want. Such as the job seeker I spoke to, who went from 0 interviews from few applications, to having to turn down interviews and choose between multiple offers. Debbie said that she refocused on her expertise, and why it mattered, using that to inform what she applied for and how she communicated. Points in her control, with a changing market that helped. 
By Greg Wyatt • October 22, 2026
The other day I read a LinkedIn post about the iron triangle as it relates to recruitment. That you can be fast and good, but it will be expensive. That you can be fast and cheap, and it will be bobbins. Or that you can be cheap and good, but it will take longer than the heat death of the universe. At first glance it’s always made sense, with caveats, though that sense has been ablated with the promise of AI. Something that promises to be quicker, cheaper and better than people can manage. The only thing this triangle lacks is judgement-with-responsibility, something AI-style LLMs are currently incapable of, which is why they can be such problematic technology for recruitment. Though if your priority is speed, saving money, and filling jobs, the lack of judgement in even those algorithms that promise black box bias freedom might not be a problem you’d think much about. And when the top is spinning in an elegant way this might seem a standardisation you can apply everywhere, while you get on with your day job. Sadly the only place a spinning top doesn’t stop is when you were dreaming all along. AI has made me think about why the fundamentals of recruitment are so important, using judgement before we launch our projects. Which is why I like the 5Cs of project management as a way to look at recruitment: complexity, criticality, compliance, culture, compassion. With an adaptation and an additional C to be fit for purpose. It’s a great way to consider what approach to deploy: Complexity: the number of moving parts in a role, supply and demand in the candidate market, resources required to engage and bring forward the right people Criticality: the impact a vacancy has on the organisation. The opportunity a great hire brings. The damage the wrong hire can cause. And everything in between Channels: we go where the candidates are, whether at the end a headhunt, from an advert, from sourcing across LinkedIn Recruiter/equivalent tools, CV Databases, ATS records, other platforms, internal applicants, suppliers, consultants, temps, networking, referrals or even from a little black book, which I suspect will become more relevant again when data becomes noise Compliance: not just employment law, but how technology is used to find, engage and assess candidates in a fair, equitable and inclusive way Context: the full picture of the company – its organisational and local cultures, principles and values, mission, vision, goals, challenges and trajectory. The nuts and bolts, what that means for your candidates, and trying to understand the same in them Compassion: recognition of the impact a vacancy has on the employer and its team, balanced with how everyone can be brought together. And compassion for everyone that interacts with our recruitment, in process or invisibly Yes, I swapped context for culture. Hiring for context necessarily includes culture, and goes much further. And I've added Channels, which should always be established before going to market. I like these because they’re a way to ensure that how you recruit is proportionate and appropriate. They may even highlight you shouldn’t hire at all. But what you shouldn’t do is assume one recruitment process is the same as the next, nor that the investment made in reaching desired outcomes should be. What may seem expensive to you might bring an unexpected return on investment. What seems slow at the outset might bring a starter quicker than hoped – proper planning and all that. What seems good quality might fall apart, when the promises prove inadequate. That’s why it’s so important to diagnose first, before standardising. Greg p.s. You're welcome to try my free Hiring Diagnostic & Plan . It's not based on the 6Cs, which I think require more depth than a free tool can reasonably provide. Instead, it draws on principles from other disciplines: True and Fair from accounting, and Suitable and Sufficient from health and safety. It's free and private. Give it a go, and let me know if you'd like to chat through how the 6Cs might apply to your recruitment and enhance the resul