Interview preparation

Greg Wyatt • June 5, 2024

I see a lot of advice on how to perform well at interview.

Typically it relates to STAR (situation task action results), CARL (context action results learning) or another derivation of this storytelling framework.

However, this advice typically stands on its own and can set you adrift if you don’t have the right anchor:

Preparation.

Before we get into prep, it’s helpful to start from first principles. Bear with me, as I go into:

  1. The what and why of interviews

  2. The goals of interviewers

  3. The real reason you interview

  4. How you can prepare with these in mind

Next week is about the interview itself, and the following final part will be on what happens after the 1st interview.


  1. The what and why of interviews

The goal of any interview process is to

  • understand how a candidate will perform in a role,

  • what they will be like to work with

  • how likely they are to stick around long enough for the employer to see a suitable return on investment

  • assess these points against other candidates being interviewed

Every employer has different priorities in assessing the points, different ways of conducting interviews and different strategies for how the process is run.

The problem is that, from the outside in, it’s hard to tell what to expect, when initial communications are broadly similar.

Transparency helps and is a great way to build trust, yet few employers do this.

If you were to know in advance that you are one of 25 people being screened by a panel on Teams, how would that affect your preparation compared to being one of 3?

Like a lot of things in recruitment, gaining insight into the what and why of any interview process should inform your strategy.


Typically employers won’t include agency interviews as part of their interview process, though I’m sure you might.

Indeed an employer might feel they only do a 2-stage process that is quite efficient, yet how would you feel if you encountered:

  • Application to agency advert

  • Registration with agency

  • Agency screening

  • Qualification call with TA Advisor at employer

  • Numerical and verbal reasoning test

  • 1st interview with hiring manager

  • 2nd interview stage comprising 4 separate calls with stakeholders around the world

  • Psychometrics

  • Quick chat with the CEO

  • Debrief with the hiring manager?

That’s off the top of my head. The worst I’ve heard was a 17-stage interview process!

One of my former clients (who shut up shop in the UK a few years back) regularly used to run 7 or 8 interview stages, yet they are a great company to work for.

I wouldn’t assume employers are necessarily ‘bad’ if this information isn’t available, or if their process is as bloated as this article.


  1. The goals of interviewers

The goal of any interview process is to select the best suitable candidate.

However that isn’t necessarily the goal of any individual interview or interviewer.

Goals can be dictated by a number of elements, such as number of candidates or differing views of stakeholders.

These goals can be anything from:

  • Checking broad suitability before progressing to decision makers

  • Looking for reasons to discount candidates from a volume process

  • Wanting to look credible to higher-ups in who is presented

  • Assessing cultural fit or technical capability

  • Investigating concerns or doubts

  • Confirming a decision

Interviews can also move from ‘recruitment and selection’ to ‘recruitment and elimination’ the closer you get to the end of a process.

This is particularly the case if candidates are very close in overall capability - if you can’t find a clear reason to say yes, are there any reasons you can discount a candidate?

This is one reason why ‘industry knowledge’ can become a problem at final stage, when it wasn’t earlier.

Sometimes there may even be unsavoury behaviour, such as asking you to provide a business plan in a presentation, when they have no intent to hire - free consulting!

Or it might be they want another young white male Arsenal-loving face to fit with their culture.

However, if you are in an interview process, you should assume they have good intent, while the decisions made on you are out of your control.

All you can do is influence their view through your approach.


Given there is such a huge variety in interview philosophy, purpose, strategy, process and execution it can be tempting to second guess everything and overcomplicate your part in it.

However, I’d go the other way and simplify it to what you can control.

Interviews are your opportunity to show the employer why you are interested in them, how you will contribute, how you will solve their problems, and what you are like in a professional setting.

Unless you are clearly told what to expect, it doesn’t matter so much what tricks employers will have up their sleeves.

Because if you’ve put your best foot forward, in a way that is professionally authentic, that’s the best way to maximise your odds.


  1. The real reason you interview

Interviews can and should be a two-way process that gives you transparent information and enables an objective decision about whether this vacancy is the right move.

Interviews aren’t always though are they?

You might think that getting the job is your goal.

The real reason to interview is to establish as early as possible every non-negotiable reason why you shouldn’t take the job.

This means you do what you can to be the candidate of choice, for the right reasons, and if there are no non-negotiable no’s at the end of the process, you can accept the offer put forward.

That might sound like a strange contortion of the goal of getting the job.

The nuance is this:

You want to be able to be the person who says no, if you have to, rather than have them say no for you.

And because many parts of the interview process are out of your control, such as their decisions, you have to play the game to maximise your odds of winning.


  1. How you can prepare with these in mind

There are broadly six types of preparation you can do for an interview:

i) Ensure you portray yourself in a way that has meaning to the interviewer

ii) Keeping abreast of general industry and professional news related to your work

iii) The company, its people, its offering, its industry and its market

iv) Give the interview what it needs

v) How you can deliver on the role requirements

vi) Why you want the job, or at least to work at the company

The first two are ongoing preparations that serve every interview process.

The rest are mainly application-specific.


4.i) Ensure you portray yourself in a way that has meaning to the interviewer

One of the key pitfalls in recruitment, whether you are a job seeker or employer, is the valuable information you have trapped in your head that will help the other see you as a viable candidate.

Don’t forget we aren’t mind readers, so how can you give meaning to why you are a great candidate?

I’m going to cheat a little here and recommend you read through Principles of a Good CV.

Not because you should repeat your CV verbatim, but because it’s a distillation of your candidacy written for the reader. And a reminder of how you can help.

You should be an expert on yourself, who can draw on your achievements readily.

Get a friend to ask you questions on your CV, someone who isn’t an expert in your domain, and see how they react to your answers.

While you might hope interviewers have technical insight in your areas of specialism, you will inevitably come across people who in the process who aren’t.

For example an HR practitioner may be involved as a steward for their culture, and to ensure you are interviewed fairly - should you expect them to understand jargon? And how might that work against you?

If you are fortunate enough to get interviews regularly, you can treat these as practice and the real thing. Watch how interviewers respond to what you say, and reflect on it afterwards. How can you give better meaning?

Unfortunately, interviewing is a skill, so it’s likely one you will have to learn by going through the mill if it isn’t natural to your personality.

Fortunately, it’s the same journey for most, so over time your skill will develop past newer jobseekers.

The mistake many people assume is that this is a sales skill and needs to project confidence, but unless the role involves sales, the requirement is actually only to be your best professional self, and show what you are like to work with.

Given that’s what you are like at work on a good day, it’s an achievable goal.

This is prep you should do before any interview and is both an anchor to your candidacy and a reminder of why you can be great at what you do.


4.ii) Keeping abreast of general industry and professional news related to your work

For anyone interested in continuous professional development this should be a natural endeavour.

Yet it’s easy to fall into the trap of not doing so, when you are between jobs, or busy with other priorities.

Given what’s going on in the near-outside world of your profession impacts your profession, I’d recommend you take a bit of time every week to keep updated.

It may even help with interviewing, showing the currency of your expertise.


4.iii) The company, its people, its offering, its industry and its market

I wrote a series, recently, on negotiation in recruitment, comparing notes with the excellent ‘Never Split the Difference’ by Chris Voss.

One of the pillars of good negotiation is to gain as full an understanding of the situation as possible.

If you want to negotiate a successful interview, one where you’re seen as the right candidate, doing so is an advantage.

There are many resources available:

  • Their website

  • Their other vacancies

  • Their industry news

  • Media relations

  • Youtube

  • Endole / TechCrunch

  • Local resources like Cambridge Network and Business Weekly (you can guess what this is local for!)

  • LinkedIn to get a feel for their organisational structure

  • LinkedIn for information on the interviewers (why not connect and say hi)

  • LinkedIn for their content, which might give hidden insight to their attitudes

  • LinkedIn for past employees (what can they tell you?)

  • Glass door / indeed / trustpilot / google reviews - what does this say about customer and candidate experiences?

I’d recommend reading Never Split the Difference - while it’s geared towards commercial negotiations and hostage-taking, Voss’ view is that everything is a negotiation, and I found it insightful comparing my own experiences.

You can also read my articles on gregwyatt.substack.com/archive. The first one is called Rule of Three.

Every industry and company will have their own priorities in an interview - keep this in mind, particularly if you’re transitioning into a new domain.

Someone with only private sector experience might be quite surprised by the needs of a civil service recruitment process, but information is typically available to help you prepare.


4.iv) Give the interview what it needs

Every interview has its own priority, some of which will articulate specific needs.

If you want to stay in a legitimate interview process, give the employer what they ask for.

You may think presentations, on-site meetings, psychometrics, etc are worthless, but if they are non-negotiable for the employer, they are a requirement to fulfil.

You don’t have to play the game; if you choose to, play to win.


4.v) How you can deliver on the role requirements

I always come back to the notion that we have to help our stakeholders understand how we can help them.

It’s no different in an interview.

Analyse what you can of their role, and think about the achievements you have, the problems you’ve solved, and the outcomes you’ve reached - in reflection of their needs.

It’s worth qualifying this in the interview too - more on this next week - so you can tailor your answers.

While this is role-specific preparation it is also related to point i) above - the answers are within.


4.vi) Why you want the job, or at least to work at the company

I expect most people who’ve been out of work for a while simply want a way to make ends meet.

Yet I wouldn’t recommend using this as an answer at an interview.

Indeed, most employers have an inclination to candidates who have reason to want to work for them specifically.

Take time to understand your reasons that relate to the job or company. What about them appeals to you?

This is the answer to give.

If the only reason you’re applying is because it is a job, how can you truthfully frame your answer to make it about them?

“I really enjoy the role of a <job title> especially around <essential requirements>” with examples from their job description - might be crude, but it’s more effective than

“I need to buy dinner on Friday”, no matter how true that is.

It can be a deciding factor in a tight process.


Next week is about delivering the interview.

Tactical points to present your best self, how STAR/CARL are storytelling frameworks, why that’s more important than just answering the question, and how you can stand out from the crowd through strategic questions.

Thanks for reading.

Regards,

Greg

By Greg Wyatt • November 5, 2026
It's interesting revisiting this article from 3 years ago, especially now AI products are more embedded in market. If anything my view on AI is more polarised, bringing many new opportunites, brand new problems, as well as the existential angst many are talking about. For me, codifying my experience with AI tools means I can help more people, while freeing up my time to do more human work. It's certainly helped with job seeker support, and increasingly so in my recruitment work. Mainly it's giving me more time to talk to people, and when homogenous AI applications at scale are one new problem, as well as the increasing threat of deep fake interviews, in person conversations might be a necessary exnovation (just googled that - what a great word that I will now abuse at scale). While the article below has dated somewhat, I think the threat it assesses has never been more pertinent. I've said for some time that AI might be the death of knowledge and judgement, even so far as 'meaning', something that this recent research also indicates . Importantly the research doesn't say the recommendations were wrong, just how they were followed. Read that article and think about how AI recommendations on applications relate. I've certainly found them more problematic, so far, than the old school ATS style ranking and filtering - because of the false confidence they convey, especially when dealing with non-traditional applications. Things may improve, or so is promised. And while words might be the first facility of LLM, they are still the core facility, given all it does is determine the most probable answer in its outputs (I know I'm being reductive, some of the developments from AI are amazing). Whereas words should be the consequence of thoughts, lead to the development of thought, and distil ideas in a way you can act on. Much like job adverts should be the consequence of effective job analysis, rather than a polished word that lacks meaning. The greatest risk for me in recruitment isn't so much the answers AI offers, but that we become so reliant we forget to ask better questions. I've edited down the previous article, but if you're curious, you can see it here . September 2023 I’d commented about my hearing on a social media post on deafness. ‘Have you looked into these hearing aids - they’re designed to overcome head shadow’, came the impromptu reply from a hearing aid specialist. Head shadow? Not a phrase I’d heard before, despite having no hearing on one side, which effectively creates a sound-free shadow to my right. See, when I had mumps at 18 months it killed the vestibulocochlear nerve in my right ear and damaged the one on the left. But it was my balance that showed the nursery assistants that something was wrong - I kept falling over for no reason. I expect they thought my slow response was normal naughty-boyness. Balance, intermittently poor audio processing, energy required to maintain attention in noisy environments and that bloody tinnitus - all these issues are far more annoying than not being able to hear in one ear. That and not being able to tell where sounds come from. “Over here, Greg!” is the most useless call on a football pitch. And the head shadow thing? Well, it’s never been an issue - I just turn my head when in conversation. It might look like I’m turning to kiss you, but it’s just a conversation I want honest. Sure I miss out on certain audio cues, but it’s rarely an issue. Anyway, curious as I am I looked into the £4,000 hearing aid that solves head shadow by placing a microphone on the deaf ear and projecting it into the the good ear. Quite the brute force tech solution and one I’m sure some benefit from. But the key issue is one of reverb. While the product is good, it would impact the quality of sound in my good ear, which seems a pointless trade-off for me, when my process of life is more effective than shiny tech. It’s ironic that I consider myself highly excitable when it comes to technology developments, yet I’m never an early adopter. Because I always ask myself, other than giddiness, what problems does this solve and how will it enhance my life. And so it is for AI in recruitment, and the shininess of tech in general. They are positioned as solving problems, and indeed they do, but in many cases, it’s the wrong problem that detracts us from the real opportunities for better processes. Simpler administration, speed and scale are clear benefits. And some of these AI-branded automations are excellent. The Star Trek-style auto-translator makes me giddy. As does the sales bot conversation-as-a-human sales video that’s doing the rounds. But AI for writing? What problem does that solve? For me, it depends on what you consider sales to be. Is sales pitching a generic message and hoping someone will bite? Or is sales laying out the facts so that the right person can reach an objective decision? A decision which might mean getting in touch, or changing their view on what needs recruiting. For the former AI writing seems to solve a problem. The words are certainly better, but the message is even worse. Yes: prompting. But if you can prompt the right message, why aren’t you just writing it, so that you embed that knowledge for use across other mediums - conversations, meetings and so on? While AI writing does not meet the requirements for the second type of sales. You can only do this by establishing the right facts from a briefing, consultation or interview. Then interpret this with meaning to the right people so that it creates the right impact. Sales as data visualisation, if you will. And if AI doesn’t work for sales in this way, why would it work for content or marketing? I think the answer depends on whether you value contextual insight or not. Until AI is better at asking questions that create meaningful conversation, it’s a non-starter for me. I say until because this hesitation will be moot in the next year or so. Because it isn’t what AI is now that’s the opportunity - it’s what’s coming soon. I can’t wait to see what’s next. Until then, AI, for writing, is a question of in one ear and out of the other. Which, if you’re deaf in the one, is quite the problem. Go learn copywriting instead, and listen to how it transforms your approach to recruitment. Then layer tech on top, when it’s ready. Thanks for reading. Regards, Greg p.s. If you like good recruitment and you need help with it in the UK, drop me a line. DM on LinkedIn, email greg.wyatt@bwrecruitment.co.uk , whichever you prefer.
By Greg Wyatt • November 4, 2026
If you ever thought 'outcome-led' was a pretentious headline for a recruiter, it's also how you should think about your job search. Welcome to the 50th edition of Jobseeker Basics. As well as sharing advice that - hopefully - helps you navigate our mercurial jobs market more easily, there's always been a separate utility to these newsletters. I use them to update chapters in A Career Breakdown Kit , so that I can ensure it is always as current as possible. People who've bought the Kindle edition will get an automatic update when the 2027 edition is released in January/February. Paperback owners are invited to contact me for a free digital update. For this newsletter, I've tightened some of the language around accepting job offers - pretty boring update, but maybe necessary for fringe cases. I often talk about outcome-led recruitment. While it might sound pretentious there's a simple reason, which underpins everything I do. Begin with the ending, work back and find the right path. In recruitment this means flashing forward 12 months. What did a successful hire look like? What problems did they solve? What separated excellent from good from adequate from inadequate? What were the outcomes you needed for it to have been a successful hire? Nail these points down and you work backwards. What good actually looks like in viable candidate profiles. What needs to be communicated to them to encourage them to take a step forwards. How we find them - whether in a headhunt, an advert, networking or other. I also talk a lot about why a job search should be the inverse of how that vacancy might be filled. And so it is that the outcome you want in your job search should inform your strategy to find that job. Ironically, On Job Offers is Chapter 31 in A Career Breakdown Kit, slap bang in the middle of the book on page 162. With good reason, given you may find yourself needing to look for work again in future, sometimes by choice and sometimes by the other. All the more reason to have a strategy you can replicate and improve on, time and time again: 31 - On job offers At some point you’re going to get a job offer. It’s helpful to be clear on what this should look like at the start of your job search. Because, if you don’t know your destination, how can you be sure which path to take? Here are the main points to consider. Identity At the start of any job search, remind yourself of your career identity. This may be at the point of an unexpected redundancy, when you’ve decided your current job is no longer right, or if a recruiter contacts you out of the blue with a compelling proposition. Try this once a year, even when gainfully employed, because it’s easy for the path of employment to diverge from where you want your career to go. What is your current context, personally, with family, in life? What do you need and how does work reflect this? What are your core values? The ones that underpin who you are and who you want to see in the mirror. How does work reflect this? What are the things you enjoy, are neutral about, or dislike in your career? What does this look like in your current job? How has your employer changed in the past year? How has the world changed? How does this reflect you as a person? Who do you want to be as a person, family member, friend and peer? What impact do you want to make? How much do you need to earn and by when? These answers aren’t fixed and can change quickly with a change in circumstance, as you change over time, or for reasons out of your control. Clarify what you want and what you need, and therefore what this looks like in your next job. This identity informs your job search strategy, part of which is the roles you go for, part of which is the approach you take, and part of which is what an acceptable job offer is. Total compensation & opportunity cost It's common to see salary as the most important factor in a job offer negotiation. It's better to look at negotiating total compensation and opportunity cost. Total compensation is the overall financial value of a role. It includes: Salary Pension contribution Bonus Commission Car allowance RSUs Some benefits are salary sacrificed or tax efficient - their value goes beyond what they appear on paper. A great pension scheme will save you 20% or 40% on tax payments in the UK across the salary invested. It might even, at a higher salary level, improve access to child benefits. On the other hand, opportunity cost is the consequence of taking an offer, compared to what you might have if you stayed. For example: Moving to a three-day hybrid, compared to full remote. What's the cost of mileage or time commuting? What's the cost of heating your home when fully remote? Or - a role that offers more money now, with no progression in future. Compared to a role that pays less now, and will leapfrog in future, while giving you skills that support career growth. Are these contractual and likely to happen, or are they empty promises? Look for evidence such as a track record with other employees. It's entirely possible to accept an offer with a higher salary and find yourself worse off with take home pay. Establish all the financial implications of an offer. Impact Impact goes both ways. The impact you can have in your new role, and the impact your new role will have on you. A high paying job that takes you away from a young family might be a solution or a problem. A brilliant job that’s an unsustainable commute won’t work long term. Does that matter to you? A well paid job that gives you a good balance at home yet will only be a cog in a machine - a dream for some, unfulfilling for others. Impact also includes trajectory. Are you someone who wants to do the same job over time, in a structured way? Someone who wants regular advancement and career development? Both, and others are fine. Make sure you know what you are getting yourself into. Culture & People It’s at least partly true that people leave bosses, not jobs. While decent people can become bad bosses for various reasons, some of which relate to the environment they manage within. The problem is that people are on their best behaviour in interview processes, while culture as it’s pitched doesn’t always reflect the culture experienced. The interview process should be there for you to gather facts as much as possible. Do your research to get a sense of a company’s values, principles, how it treats its people, and all those other elements that will affect a career with them. This is research to be done at interview stage or before. Ikigai (with a little i) A wonderful Japanese concept. In its original form it means ‘what you get out of bed for’ or ‘those small moments we take pleasure in.’ Rather than the westernised Venn Purpose Diagram many are familiar with as Ikigai (with a big I). If you ask people in Japan what they think of Ikigai they may well say something along the lines of ‘huuunnhh?’ ikigai is a helpful principle when considering a job offer. It’s those qualities unique to you (often defined by your career identity) that you take pleasure in, while others around you may not get it. Sometimes this is gut instinct. Important to listen to, important to challenge. It’s at least part of your decision in a job offer. Even if everything else might be just alright, ikigai in your offered job might be good reason to take it. Or it might be the company’s purpose and what they are doing to improve the world. ikigai is unique to you and it makes everything better if you can find it. Those are the key points to look at if given a job offer. There’s no right or wrong, only right for you and the people you support. Negotiating salary There are a lot of moving parts in any salary negotiation, both at your end and with the employer. There are two main elements. The first is your place in the market - do what you can to find the range of fair pay available to you right now. The second is compensation philosophy - how do companies reach an offer? Both come down to asking questions and research. Assume nothing. I would err on the side of boldness in a salary negotiation. At final interview stage, I’d ask for the top end, based on what I’ve learnt - if they see me as the best candidate, why wouldn’t I? If they offer a little lower than I expect, I’d be positive about it and ask what else they can do to improve their offer. It’s unlikely you’ll lose out on an offer by being clear and respectful. If you want to drill deep into negotiations, I recommend reading Never Split the Difference by Chris Voss. His advice on deep listening, calibrated questions and price anchors are directly relevant to salary negotiation. Negotiating is highly contextual, so you should be careful if following opinion-led advice on what works for that individual. After the offer As with a salary negotiation, the post offer process and run up to employment is different from employer to employer. You can indicate that you're happy to proceed and ask the employer to issue the formal paperwork. Be aware that accepting an offer, even verbally, can create a legally binding contract. If you're not ready to commit, make that clear and reserve your formal acceptance until you've reviewed the written terms. In practice, the legal risk of withdrawing before starting is generally low. Most employers will have little commercial interest in pursuing someone who no longer wishes to join, particularly where they have suffered no demonstrable loss. However, contractual obligations and reputational consequences are worth considering. Treat the Offer Letter as a formal proof of your new employer’s offer of employment. If something isn’t right with the Letter, ask the employer for clarification. Once you've accepted the offer, signed and returned the letter, and any conditions have been satisfied, you can resign and agree a start date with your new employer. Aim to understand their onboarding process. Is there anything helpful you can do before your start date? Make sure you know when, where and any arrival instructions for your first day. As for your wider job search - you should withdraw from other applications when you formally accept an offer. It’s your choice whether you keep your cards close to your chest, accepting a suitable offer with the prospect of something better coming up. You can cross that bridge if you come to it. While this is not something I recommend, a tough job search is as good a time as any to look after number one.